اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Back

Lumbar vertebrae

The five large vertebrae of the lower back, carrying the weight of the upper body. The lumbar curve is a secondary curve, concave posteriorly, and is deeper in females.

اہم نکات

• Five large vertebrae; lumbar curve is secondary (deeper in females).
• Cord ends ~L1 (adult), ~L3 (infant) → lumbar puncture below L3.
• Iliac crests ↔ L4 spine (landmark for lumbar puncture).
• Smallest foramen L5/S1 traps the large L5 nerve.
• Sacralization of L5 / lumbarization of S1 are variants.
• Sacralization of L5; spondylolisthesis.
• Vertebra = caudal half of one sclerotome + cranial half of the next.
• Bone: type I collagen + hydroxyapatite.
• Osteoblast builds, osteocyte maintains, osteoclast resorbs.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

خصوصیات · Action · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

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ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 2, PDF pp. 129–130, 149–150, 178, 185–186, 207
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 10, PDF pp. 134–137, 137–138
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 121–125, 130

back سے مزید

• Spinal cord
• Spinal nerves
• Suboccipital muscles
• Thoracic vertebrae
• Thoracolumbar fascia
• Vertebral column
• Atlas (C1)
• Axis (C2)
• Cervical vertebrae
• Deep muscles of the back
• Intervertebral discs
• Ligaments of the vertebral column

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