اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Upper limb

Ulna

The medial bone of the forearm. Its large upper end grips the trochlea of the humerus to form the elbow joint, while its small lower head is kept out of the wrist joint by an articular disc.

اہم نکات

• Medial forearm bone; elbow joint mainly via the trochlear notch.
• Olecranon = triceps; ulnar tuberosity = brachialis.
• Head is excluded from the wrist joint by the articular disc.
• Monteggia: ulnar shaft fracture + anterior radial head dislocation.
• Subcutaneous posterior border, palpable along its length.
• Shaft: primary centre; ends: secondary centres; growth at the epiphyseal plate.
• Limb bones: limb-bud mesenchyme, endochondral (except clavicle).
• Long bone: endochondral ossification; epiphyseal plate closes ~20 y.
• Bone: type I collagen + hydroxyapatite.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

خصوصیات · Articulations · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 3, PDF pp. 232–235
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 7, PDF pp. 98, 102–104; ch. 10, PDF pp. 141, 145
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 121–125, 126–129, 130

upper limb سے مزید

• Ulnar artery
• Ulnar nerve
• Veins of the hand
• Wrist joint
• Abductor pollicis longus
• Acromioclavicular joint
• Adductor pollicis
• Anconeus
• Axillary artery
• Axillary lymph nodes
• Axillary nerve
• Axillary vein

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