اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Upper limb

Axillary lymph nodes

About 20–30 nodes in the axillary fat, in six groups, that drain the upper limb, the breast and the trunk wall above the umbilicus.

اہم نکات

6 groups: anterior, posterior, lateral, central, apical, infraclavicular.
Anterior (pectoral) = breast.
Apical receives all → subclavian trunk → thoracic duct (L) / right lymph duct (R).
Examine with the hand pressed on the hip.
Lymph sacs → lymph nodes (except cisterna chyli).
Breast cancer → axillary nodes.
Node: cortex (B-cell nodules) / paracortex (T cells, HEVs) / medulla.

خصوصیات · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 3, PDF pp. 389–391
Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 15, PDF pp. 275–276
BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 12, PDF pp. 223–224; ch. 19, PDF p. 358