اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Upper limb

Carpal bones

Eight small bones of the wrist arranged in two rows of four. Together they form an arch whose concavity, roofed by the flexor retinaculum, is the carpal tunnel.

اہم نکات

Proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform. Distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate.
Mnemonic: "Some lovers try positions that they cannot handle."
Scaphoid: floor of the snuffbox; waist fracture → avascular necrosis of the proximal part.
Lunate dislocates anteriorly → median nerve compression.
Pisiform = sesamoid in FCU; trapezium = saddle joint for the thumb.
Limb bones: limb-bud mesenchyme, endochondral (except clavicle).
Bone: type I collagen + hydroxyapatite.
Osteoblast builds, osteocyte maintains, osteoclast resorbs.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

خصوصیات · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 3, PDF pp. 235–238
Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 7, PDF p. 98; ch. 10, PDF pp. 141, 145
BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 121–125, 130

upper limb سے مزید

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