اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Lower limb

Short lateral rotators of the hip

Small deep muscles behind the hip (piriformis, obturator internus, gemellus superior and inferior, quadratus femoris, with obturator externus below) that laterally rotate the thigh and separate the hip joint from the sciatic nerve.

اہم نکات

• Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus.
• All laterally rotate the hip.
• Lie between the hip joint and the sciatic nerve.
• Obturator externus = obturator nerve; the rest = sacral plexus.
• Limb muscles: in situ from limb-bud mesenchyme.
• Upper limb bud C4–T2; lower limb bud L2–S2.
• Skeletal muscle: multinucleated, peripheral nuclei, striated.
• Epimysium → perimysium → endomysium.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

Origin · Insertion · Action · Nerve supply · Histology · Development

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 11, PDF pp. 1282, 1288, 1321, 1393
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 7, PDF p. 109; ch. 10, PDF pp. 142–145
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 8, PDF pp. 135–144

lower limb سے مزید

• Small saphenous vein
• Sole muscles: first layer
• Sole muscles: second layer
• Sole muscles: third layer
• Soleus
• Superficial fibular nerve
• Sural nerve
• Tarsal bones
• Tarsal joints and arches of the foot
• Tendo calcaneus
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Tibia

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