اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Thorax

Joints of the ribs

The synovial joints between the ribs and the thoracic vertebrae (at the heads and tubercles), which let the ribs rise and fall in breathing.

اہم نکات

• Head joint: ribs 2–9 with two vertebrae + intra-articular ligament.
• Ribs 1, 10, 11, 12: one vertebra.
• Tubercle joint with the transverse process; none on ribs 11, 12.
• All synovial; rib neck rotates in breathing.
• Joint: from mesenchyme between bone ends.
• Synovial cavity forms in the middle layer.
• Synovial membrane: type A (phagocytic) + type B (secretory) cells.
• Joint surfaces: hyaline cartilage, no perichondrium.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

خصوصیات · Action · Histology · Development

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 4, PDF pp. 489–490
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 10, PDF pp. 138, 144
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 117–120, 131

thorax سے مزید

• Left atrium
• Left coronary artery
• Left ventricle
• Levatores costarum
• Lung
• Lymph nodes of the thoracic wall
• Main and lobar bronchi
• Mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymph nodes
• Mitral valve
• Pulmonary trunk
• Pulmonary valve
• Pulmonary veins

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