Anatomy study note · Lower limb

Sole muscles: third layer

The third layer of the sole: flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis and flexor digiti minimi brevis.

Key points

• FHB (2 heads, sesamoids), adductor hallucis (oblique + transverse heads), FDM brevis.
• FHB: medial plantar; adductor hallucis: deep lateral plantar.
• Adductor hallucis transverse head supports the transverse arch.
• Limb muscles: in situ from limb-bud mesenchyme.
• Upper limb bud C4–T2; lower limb bud L2–S2.
• Skeletal muscle: multinucleated, peripheral nuclei, striated.
• Epimysium → perimysium → endomysium.

The full note in the atlas also covers

Origin · Insertion · Action · Nerve supply · Histology · Development

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Written from

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 11, PDF pp. 1378, 1426
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 7, PDF p. 109; ch. 10, PDF pp. 142–145
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 8, PDF pp. 135–144

More from the lower limb

• Soleus
• Superficial fibular nerve
• Sural nerve
• Tarsal bones
• Tarsal joints and arches of the foot
• Tendo calcaneus
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Tibia
• Tibial nerve
• Tibialis anterior
• Tibialis posterior
• Tibiofibular joints

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