اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Thorax

Trachea

A mobile tube of cartilage and membrane from the lower border of the cricoid cartilage (C6) to its division into the main bronchi at the sternal angle (T4/T5 disc). About 11 cm long and 2.5 cm wide in the adult.

اہم نکات

• C6 (cricoid) → T4/5 (sternal angle).
• U-shaped cartilages, open behind (trachealis).
• Carina = ridge at the bifurcation.
• Behind: oesophagus + left recurrent laryngeal nerve.
• TOF/oesophageal atresia from faulty septum.
• Trachea: foregut endoderm (epithelium) + splanchnic mesoderm.
• Tracheo-oesophageal fistula.
• C-rings of hyaline cartilage + trachealis.
• Pseudostratified ciliated columnar with goblet cells.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

Relations · خصوصیات · Blood supply · Nerve supply · Lymph drainage · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 5, PDF pp. 561–573, 595–598
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 14, PDF pp. 196, 207–208, 210
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 15, PDF p. 271

thorax سے مزید

• Tricuspid valve
• Vagus nerve
• Aortic valve
• Arch of aorta
• Ascending aorta
• Azygos vein
• Brachiocephalic artery
• Brachiocephalic veins
• Bronchopulmonary segments
• Coronary sinus and cardiac veins
• Costal cartilages
• Descending thoracic aorta

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