اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Head and neck
Parathyroid glands
Usually four small ovoid endocrine glands, about 6 mm long, on the posterior border of the thyroid gland within its fascial capsule.
اہم نکات
- Four glands on the back of the thyroid, inside its capsule.
- Superior pair constant; inferior pair variable (may reach the mediastinum).
- PTH raises blood calcium (bone, gut, kidney).
- Inferior parathyroids: 3rd pouch (with the thymus). Superior: 4th pouch.
- Order reversed during descent.
- Chief cells → PTH (raises calcium).
- Oxyphil cells: eosinophilic, function unknown.
- Removing the glands → tetany.
اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے
مقام · خصوصیات · Blood supply · Venous drainage · Nerve supply · Lymph drainage · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت
مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔
ماخذ
- Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 12, PDF pp. 1815, 1822–1823
- Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 9, PDF pp. 128–129
- BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 13, PDF pp. 243–244
head and neck سے مزید
- Parietal bone
- Parietal lobe
- Parotid gland
- Pharyngeal constrictors
- Pharynx
- Phrenic nerve
- Pineal body
- Piriform cortex
- Pituitary gland
- Platysma
- Pons
- Postcentral gyrus
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