اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Head and neck

Lips and oral cavity

The lips surround the oral orifice; the oral cavity runs from the lips to the oropharyngeal isthmus (between the palatoglossal folds) and has a vestibule and the oral cavity proper.

اہم نکات

• Vestibule + oral cavity proper.
• Parotid duct opposite the upper 2nd molar.
• Submandibular duct beside the frenulum of the tongue.
• Central lower lip → submental nodes.
• Upper lip: frontonasal (philtrum) + maxillary processes → harelip.
• Mouth: ectoderm + endoderm.
• Vermilion: keratinized. Inner lip: nonkeratinized.
• Gingiva + hard palate: masticatory (keratinized) mucosa.

اٹلس میں مکمل نوٹ میں یہ بھی شامل ہے

خصوصیات · Lymph drainage · Histology · Development

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

ماخذ

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 12, PDF pp. 1656, 1718–1724
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 11, PDF pp. 146, 149–150, 153; ch. 12, PDF pp. 161–162
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 16, PDF pp. 284, 287

head and neck سے مزید

• Longus colli and longus capitis
• Mandible
• Mandibular nerve
• Masseter
• Maxilla
• Maxillary artery
• Maxillary nerve
• Medial pterygoid
• Medial rectus
• Medulla oblongata
• Midbrain
• Middle cerebral artery

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