اناٹومی مطالعاتی نوٹ · Lower limb

Ankle joint

A synovial hinge joint in which the body of the talus fits into a mortise formed by the lower tibia and the two malleoli.

اہم نکات

Hinge; talus in the tibiofibular mortise.
Deltoid (medial) ligament strong; lateral ligament = ATFL + CFL + PTFL.
Inversion sprain → ATFL (commonest).
Behind the medial malleolus (front → back): tibialis posterior, FDL, posterior tibial vessels, tibial nerve, FHL.
Most stable in dorsiflexion.
Club foot: talipes equinovarus.
Joint: from mesenchyme between bone ends.
Synovial membrane: type A (phagocytic) + type B (secretory) cells.
Joint surfaces: hyaline cartilage, no perichondrium.

Relations · خصوصیات · Action · Nerve supply · Histology · Development · طبی اہمیت

مفت سائن اِن کریں تاکہ اسے 3D ماڈل پر دیکھیں، مکمل نوٹ پڑھیں اور اس پر سوالات کی مشق کریں۔

Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 11, PDF pp. 1361–1364, 1412–1416
Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 10, PDF p. 144
BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 117–120, 131