Anatomy study note · Lower limb

Phalanges of the foot

The bones of the toes: three in each toe except the big toe (hallux), which has two.

Key points

• 14 per foot; big toe has 2.
• Long flexor tendons insert on the distal phalanges.
• Extensor expansion: central slip to middle, lateral parts to distal phalanx.
• Shaft: primary centre; ends: secondary centres; growth at the epiphyseal plate.
• Limb bones: limb-bud mesenchyme, endochondral (except clavicle).
• Long bone: endochondral ossification; epiphyseal plate closes ~20 y.
• Bone: type I collagen + hydroxyapatite.

The full note in the atlas also covers

Features · Histology · Development

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Written from

• Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 11, PDF pp. 1269–1270, 1379, 1386
• Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 7, PDF pp. 98, 102–104; ch. 10, PDF pp. 141, 145
• BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 121–125, 126–129, 130

More from the lower limb

• Plantar aponeurosis
• Plantar arteries
• Plantar nerves
• Plantaris
• Popliteal artery
• Popliteal lymph nodes
• Popliteal vein
• Popliteus
• Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
• Posterior tibial artery
• Profunda femoris artery
• Quadriceps femoris

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