Anatomy study note · Lower limb
Ankle joint
A synovial hinge joint in which the body of the talus fits into a mortise formed by the lower tibia and the two malleoli.
Key points
- Hinge; talus in the tibiofibular mortise.
- Deltoid (medial) ligament strong; lateral ligament = ATFL + CFL + PTFL.
- Inversion sprain → ATFL (commonest).
- Behind the medial malleolus (front → back): tibialis posterior, FDL, posterior tibial vessels, tibial nerve, FHL.
- Most stable in dorsiflexion.
- Club foot: talipes equinovarus.
- Joint: from mesenchyme between bone ends.
- Synovial membrane: type A (phagocytic) + type B (secretory) cells.
- Joint surfaces: hyaline cartilage, no perichondrium.
The full note in the atlas also covers
Relations · Features · Action · Nerve supply · Histology · Development · Clinical notes
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Written from
- Snell’s Clinical Anatomy by Regions, 10th ed., ch. 11, PDF pp. 1361–1364, 1412–1416
- Inderbir Singh’s Human Embryology, ch. 10, PDF p. 144
- BRS Cell Biology & Histology, 7th ed., ch. 7, PDF pp. 117–120, 131
More from the lower limb
- Anterior tibial artery
- Biceps femoris
- Common fibular nerve
- Cruciate ligaments
- Deep fibular nerve
- Deep veins of the leg and foot
- Dorsalis pedis artery
- Extensor digitorum brevis
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Femoral artery
- Femoral nerve
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